Anniversary Reactions to a Traumatic Event

THE RECOVERY PROCESS CONTINUES

As the anniversary of a disaster or traumatic event approaches, many survivors report a return of restlessness and fear. Psychological literature calls it the anniversary reaction. This experience is a response to unresolved grief resulting from significant losses. Reactions can be several days or even weeks of anxiety, anger, nightmares, flashbacks, depression, or fear. On a more positive note, the anniversary of a disaster or traumatic event also can provide an opportunity for emotional healing. People can develop perspective on the event and figure out where it fits in their hearts, minds, and lives. Not all survivors of a disaster or traumatic event experience an anniversary reaction. But, those who do may be troubled because they did not expect and do not understand their reaction. For these individuals, knowing what to expect in advance may be helpful. Common anniversary reactions include:

• Memories, Dreams, Thoughts, and Feelings
  People may replay memories, thoughts, and feelings about the event, which they can't turn off. They may have recurring dreams or nightmares. These reactions may be as vivid on the anniversary as they were at the actual time of the disaster or traumatic event.


• Grief and Sadness
  They may experience grief and sadness related to loss of income, employment, a home, or a loved one. Even people who have moved to new homes often feel a sense of loss on the anniversary.


• Fear and Anxiety
  Fear and anxiety may resurface around the time of the anniversary, leading to jumpiness, startled responses, and vigilance about safety. These feelings may be particularly strong for individuals who are still working through the grieving process.


• Frustration, Anger, and Guilt
  The anniversary may reawaken frustration and anger about the disaster or traumatic event. Survivors may be reminded of the possessions, homes, or loved ones they lost; the time taken away from their lives; the frustrations with bureaucratic aspects of the recovery process; and the slow process of rebuilding and healing. They may also experience guilt about survival.


• Avoidance
  Some survivors try to protect themselves from experiencing an anniversary reaction. They avoid reminders of the event and try to treat the anniversary like any other day. Even for these people, it can be helpful to learn about common reactions that they or their loved ones may encounter, so they are not surprised if reactions occur.


• Remembrance
  Many survivors welcome the commemoration and fellowship of the anniversary. They see it as a time to honor the memory of what they have lost. They might light a candle, share favorite memories and stories, or attend a worship service.


• Reflection
  The reflection brought about by the anniversary of a disaster or traumatic event is often a turning point in the recovery process. It's an opportunity for people to look back, recognize their progress, and give themselves credit for the challenges they overcome. It is a time for people to look around and pause to appreciate the family, friends, and others who supported them through the healing process. It is also a time when most people can look forward with a renewed sense of hope and purpose.

Although these thoughts, feelings, and reactions can be upsetting, it helps to understand that they are normal. Recovery from a disaster or traumatic event takes time. It requires rebuilding on many levels - physically, emotionally, and spiritually. But, with patience, understanding, and support from family and friends, you can emerge from a disaster or traumatic event stronger than before.

If you are still having trouble coping, ask for help. Consult a counselor or mental health professional. In the workplace, you may be able to get support from your HR department or your company's Employee Assistance Program.